Imperial Cruisers

JUNYOKAN!

HIJMS TONE: Tabular Record of Movement

© 1997-2007 Bob Hackett and Sander Kingsepp
Revision 7

1 December 1934:
Nagasaki. Laid down at Mitsubishi's shipyard.
21 November 1937:
Launched and named TONE.
1 November 1938:
Captain (later Vice Admiral) Hara Teizo (41)(former CO of SHIRETOKO) is posted Chief Equipping Officer.
20 November 1938:
Completed and registered in the IJN. Captain Hara is the Commanding Officer.
20 October 1939:
Captain Hara assumes "paper" command of CHIKUMA as an additional duty.
15 November 1939:
Captain (later Vice Admiral) Onishi Shinzo (42)(former CO of ERIMO) assumes command.
15 October 1940:
Captain Nishida Masao (44) assumes command.
10 September 1941:
Captain (later Rear Admiral) Okada Tametsugu (45)(former CO of YAEYAMA) assumes command. Captain Nishida is reassigned as CO of battleship HIEI.
26 November 1941: Operation "Z":
CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA depart Hitokappu (Tankan) Bay, Etorofu Island, Kuriles with Vice Admiral Mikawa Gunichi's (former CO of KIRISHIMA) Support Force's BatDiv 3/Section 1's HIEI and KIRISHIMA DesRon 1's light cruiser ABUKUMA and her destroyers and Supply Groups Nos. 1 and 2. Mikawa's Force accompanies Vice Admiral (Admiral, posthumously) Nagumo Chuichi's (former CO of YAMASHIRO) First Air Fleet Striking Force (Kido Butai): CarDiv 1's AKAGI and KAGA, CarDiv 2's HIRYU and SORYU, CarDiv 5's SHOKAKU and ZUIKAKU.
2 December 1941:
940 miles north of Midway Island. CruDiv 8 receives the signal "Niitakayama nobore (Climb Mt. Niitaka) 1208" from the Combined Fleet's flagship NAGATO. It signifies that hostilities will commence on 8 December (Japan time).[1]
7 December 1941: The Attack on Pearl Harbor:
At 0500, TONE and CHIKUMA each launch one Type 0, Aichi E13A1 Jake floatplanes for a final weather reconnaissance. TONE's Jake (coded JI-1) piloted by WO Narukawa Ryozo flies to Lahaina, but finds no American fleet units present.
At 0630, TONE and CHIKUMA each launch short range Type 95, Nakajima E8N Dave two-seat float planes to act as pickets and patrol south of the Striking Force. HIEI and KIRISHIMA also launch picket floatplanes to maintain a surface search between the "Kido Butai" and Pearl Harbor 230 miles away and for ASW patrols around the carriers.
About 0730, Cdr (Rear Admiral, posthumously) Ankyu Eitaro's submarine I-1 sights TONE's Jake returning from the Lahaina area.
At 0755, the Striking Force's first wave of 189 aircraft (90 Type 97 Nakajima B5N2 Kate attack planes, 54 Type 99 Aichi D3A1 Val dive-bombers and 45 Type 0 Mitsubishi A6M2 Zeke fighters) led by Cdr (later Captain) Fuchida Mitsuo attack the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor and other military installations on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.
About 0840, they are followed by a second wave of 171 aircraft (54 Kates, 81 Vals and 36 Zekes) led by LtCdr Shimazaki Shigekazu. By 0945, they retire towards their carriers.
During the attacks, the Striking Force sinks the battleships USS ARIZONA (BB-39), OKLAHOMA (BB-37) and CALIFORNIA (BB-44) and damage NEVADA (BB-36), PENNSLYVANIA (BB-38), TENNESSEE (BB-43), MARYLAND (BB-46) and WEST VIRGINIA (BB-48) and other smaller ships. 2,335 American servicemen die in the attack, most on ARIZONA. After recovering all but 29 of its aircraft lost in the attack, the Striking Force departs Hawaiian waters towards Japan.

16 December 1941: The Second Invasion of Wake Island:
CruDiv 8, CarDiv 2 and destroyers URAKAZE and TANIKAZE detach from the Striking and Support forces to participate in the second invasion.
21 December 1941: The Second Invasion of Wake Island:
TONE launches two E8N2 for ASW patrols of CarDiv 2 while CHIKUMA launches her E13A1 to scout Wake Island.
22 December 1941:
TONE launches her E8N2 to support 39 aircraft from CarDiv 2 in attacks on Wake Island.
23 December 1941:
TONE's plane is the first to report that fighting on the island has ceased. CHIKUMA's plane, damaged by AA fire, ditches, but the crew is rescued.
After the capture of Wake Island, CruDiv 8 returns to Kure.
29 December 1941:
Arrives at Kure and enters overhaul.
10 January 1942:
Departs Kure.
14 January 1942:
Arrives at Truk.
17-27 January: Operation "R" - The Invasion of Rabaul:
CruDiv 8 departs Truk with the Carrier Striking Force's CarDivs 1 and 5, BatDiv 3/1 and DesRon 1 for an area north of New Ireland.
20 January 1942:
Supports air attacks on Rabaul. Supported CarDiv 5 attacks on Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea.
22 January 1942:
Departs the New Ireland area.
23 January 1942:
The TONE's floatplanes attack Bicha.
25 January 1942:
The TONE's floatplanes attack the Admiralties.
29 January 1942:
Arrives at Truk. CarDiv 5's SHOKAKU detaches for Japan.
1 February 1942: American Air Raid on Kwajalein:
Vice Admiral (later Fleet Admiral) William F. Halsey Jr's (former CO of SARATOGA, CV-3) Task Force 8 (ENTERPRISE, CV-6) raids Kwajalein and Wotje in the Marshall Islands. Submarine I-23, submarine depot ship YASUKUNI MARU and several other important ships are also damaged in the raid.
CHIKUMA departs Truk with the Carrier Striking Force's CarDiv 1, CarDiv 5's ZUIKAKU, BatDiv 3/1 and DesRon 1 in an unsuccessful pursuit of Halsey.
4 February 1942:
BatDiv 3/1 and the Carrier Striking Force group are ordered to Palau. CarDiv 5's ZUIKAKU detaches via Truk for Japan to join SHOKAKU.
8 February 1942:
CHIKUMA, BatDiv 3/1, CarDiv 1 and DesRon 1 arrive at Palau.
15 February 1942:
CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA depart Palau with the Carrier Striking Force: CarDiv 1's AKAGI and KAGA, CarDiv 2's HIRYU and SORYU, BatDiv 3/1 and DesRon 1's light cruiser ABUKUMA with DesDiv 17's URAKAZE, ISOKAZE, TANIKAZE and HAMAKAZE and DesDiv 18's KASUMI, SHIRANUHI and ARIAKE.
19 February 1942: The Attack on Port Darwin, Australia:
280 miles NNW of Darwin. At 0530 (local), TONE catapults an E13A1 Jake to report on the weather over the Clarence Strait 18 miles N of Darwin, but the plane's radio fails and it returns to TONE at 0955 (local).
220 miles NNW of Darwin. At 0752 (local) the Carrier Striking Force launches 71 Nakajima Kate attack planes, 81 Aichi Val dive-bombers and 36 Mitsubishi A6M Zeke fighters. Led by Cdr Fuchida (of Pearl Harbor) the Striking Force attacks Darwin. They destroy 15 aircraft including nine American Curtiss P-40 "Kittyhawk" fighters, sink eight ships including destroyer USS PEARY (DD-226) and large Army transport GENERAL M.C. MEIGS, damage nine ships including seaplane tender (WW1 destroyer conversion) USS WILLIAM B. PRESTON (AVD-7). The carrier strike is followed by a strike of 54 twin engine land-based bombers (G3M2 Nells and G4M1 Bettys ) of the Takao and the 1st Kokutai's of the 1st Air Attack Force from Kendari on the island of Sulawesi, Celebes.
A TONE floatplane shots down a RAAF PBY "Catalina". The floatplane then locates two ships off Cape Foureroy that are later sunk by D3A Vals from AKAGI.
21 February 1942:
Arrives at Staring Bay, Celebes for refueling.
25 February 1942:
Departs Staring Bay with the Striking Force. Supports carrier attacks on Java.
27 February 1942:
Seaplane tender USS LANGLEY (AV-3) and her escorts, the old flush deck, four-stack WHIPPLE (DD-217) and EDSALL (DD-219) are attacked by nine twin-engined bombers (probably Mitsubishi GM41 Bettys) of the Takao Kokutai based at Kendari, Celebes. They damage LANGLEY so severely that she is abandoned. EDSALL picks up 177 survivors and WHIPPLE 308. The next day, the destroyers rendezvous with USS PECOS (AO-6) off Christmas Island. EDSALL begins transferring LANGLEY's survivors to PECOS, but more bombers arrive and force the EDSALL to depart.
1 March 1942: The Battle of the Java Sea:
Indian Ocean. In the morning, LtCdr J. J. Nix's EDSALL completes transferring LANGLEY's survivors to PECOS, then heads towards Tjilatjap.[2]
At 1130, CruDiv 8's CHIKUMA and TONE, BatDiv 3 and destroyers KASUMI and SHIRANUHI intercept Dutch freighter MODJOKERTO attempting to escape from Tjilatjap to Australia. CHIKUMA opens fire and sinks MODJOKERTO before noon at 12-40S, 106-40E.
250 miles SSE of Christmas Island. TONE spots Lt J. J. Nix's EDSALL (DD-219) 15 miles to the NW. At 1730, CHIKUMA opens fire with her 8-inch guns at the extremely long range of 11 miles. All of her shots miss. EDSALL, damaged earlier by one of her depth charges while attacking a submarine, lays down a smokescreen and begins evasive maneuvers.
At 1747, HIEI and KIRISHIMA open fire with their 14-inch guns at a range of 14.5 miles. All of their shots also miss. At 1756, Lt Nix turns his ship directly toward CHIKUMA and closes the range so as to fire his 4-inch guns, but his shots fall short. At 1800, CHIKUMA ceases firing when she enters a rain squall.
During the engagement, BatDiv 3/1 fires 297 14-inch, 132 6-inch shells, CruDiv 8 expends 844 8-inch and 62 5-inch rounds at the old destroyer. Finally, at 1824, HIEI scores a direct hit on EDSALL, followed by another from TONE at 1835.
An air strike on EDSALL by the nearby Carrier Striking Force is requested. SORYU launches nine D3A "Val" dive bombers led by LtCdr (Captain, posthumously) Egusa Takashige and AKAGI launches eight. Between 1827 and 1850 they hit EDSALL with 550-lb and 1,100 -lb. bombs and set her afire. She goes dead in the water. CHIKUMA moves in and destroys stationary EDSALL with her secondary armament. At 1900 hours, the battered old destroyer sinks by the stern at 13-45S, 106-47E.
5 March 1942:
TONE and CHIKUMA's floatplanes take part in the strike on Tjilatjap.
6 March 1942:
A TONE floatplane rescues a British seaman from a ship lost on 27 February off Java.
9 March 1942:
After the surrender of the Dutch East Indies.
27 March 1942:
CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA sortie from Staring Bay via the Timor Sea into the Indian Ocean with Vice Admiral Nagumo's Carrier Striking Force: CarDiv 1's AKAGI, CarDiv 3's SORYU and HIRYU, CarDiv 5's SHOKAKU and ZUIKAKU, BatDiv 3's KONGO, HARUNA, HIEI and KIRISHIMA, DesRon 1's light cruiser ABUKUMA, DesDiv 17's URAKAZE, ISOKAZE, TANIKAZE and HAMAKAZE, DesDiv 18's KASUMI, SHIRANUHI, ARARE and KAGERO, DesDiv 4's MAIKAZE and HAGIKAZE, CarDiv 5's AKIGUMO, Supply Group No. 1's Oilers KENYO MARU, KOKUYU MARU, KYOKUTO MARU, NIPPON MARU, SHINKOKU MARU and TOEI MARU and Supply Group No. 2's oiler KYOEI MARU.
5 April 1942: Operation "C "– The Raids in the Indian Ocean:
The Striking Force attacks Columbo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). At 0800, 315 of the "Kido Butai's" aircraft led by Cdr (later Captain) Fuchida Mitsuo (of Pearl Harbor) attack the British naval base. They wreck the base's facilities, destroy 27 aircraft and sink destroyer HMS TENEDOS and armed merchant cruiser HMS HECTOR. Five hundred sailors are killed.
A TONE floatplane finds Vice Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir) James Somerville's (former CO of HMS WARSPITE) British Eastern Fleet's cruisers HMS CORNWALL and HMS DORSETSHIRE at sea - without air cover. Between 1338-1400, 88 aircraft from AKAGI, HIRYU and SORYU sink both ships. After the attack, the Striking Force withdraws to the SE and searches unsuccessfully for the rest of Somerville's fleet.
6 April 1942
At 0500, Vice Admiral Nagumo orders the Striking Force to reverse course to the NW.
9 April 1942:
At 0600, the Striking Force launches 91 D3A1 Val dive-bombers and 41 Mitsubishi A6M2 Zeke fighters led by Commander Fuchida to attack the British naval base at Trincomalee, Ceylon. They find the harbor empty, but wreck the base's facilities and shoot down nine planes.
HARUNA launches a E8N2 "Dave" floatplane that spots an enemy carrier 65 miles south of the base. At 0900, the Striking Force launches 90 aircraft that sink old light carrier HMS HERMES and the Australian destroyer HMAS VAMPIRE. Nagumo's aircraft also find and sink corvette HMS HOLLYHOCK, depot ship HMS ATHELSTANE and oiler BRITISH SERGEANT.
The Striking Force departs the Indian Ocean through the Straits of Malacca for Singapore.
11 April 1942:
The fleet arrives at Singapore.
14 April 1942:
CarDiv 5 detaches from the Striking Force for refueling at Mako with the HAGIKAZE and the MAIKAZE.
18 April 1942: The First Bombing of Japan:
Vice Admiral Halsey's Task Force 16.2's USS HORNET (CV-8), VINCENNES (CA-44), NASHVILLE (CL-43), oiler CIMARRON (AO-22) and destroyers GWIN (DD-433), MEREDITH (DD-434), GRAYSON (DD-435) and MONSSEN (DD-436) accompanied by Task Force 16.1's ENTERPRISE (CV-6), SALT LAKE CITY (CA-25), NORTHAMPTON (CA-28), oiler SABINE (AO-25) and destroyers BALCH (DD-363), BENHAM (DD-397), ELLET (DD-398) and FANNING (DD-385) approach the Japanese home islands. The carriers and cruisers come to within 668 nautical miles of Japan.
Led by Lt Col (later General/MOH) James H. Doolittle, 16 Army B-25 "Mitchell" twin-engine bombers of the 17th Bomb Group take off from Captain (later Admiral) Marc A. Mitscher's carrier HORNET and strike targets in Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya and Kobe. At Yokosuka, a B-25 damages carrier RYUHO in a drydock while undergoing conversion from the former submarine depot ship TAIGEI.
TONE and CHIKUMA depart Mako with the Striking Force in an unsuccessful pursuit of of Halsey's ships.
25 April 1942:
Arrives at Maizuru. Refit and drydocked.
3 May 1942:
Undocked.
16 May 1942:
TONE and CHIKUMA depart Maizuru.
18 May 1942:
Arrives at Hashirajima.
27 May 1942: Operation "MI" - The Battle of Midway:
Departs Hashirajima with Vice Admiral (later Admiral, posthumously) Nagumo's Carrier Striking Force: CarDivs 1 and 2, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Abe Hiroaki's (former CO of FUSO) Support Group's Captain Koma Tomatsu's BatDiv 3/2's HARUNA and KIRISHIMA, Abe's CruDiv 8, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Kimura Susumu's (former CO of NAGATO) DesRon 10's light cruiser NAGARA with DesDiv 4's NOWAKI, ARASHIO, HAGIKAZE and MAIKAZE, DesDiv 10's KAZAGUMO, YUGUMO and MAKIGUMO, DesDiv 17's URAKAZE, ISOKAZE, TANIKAZE and HAMIKAZE.
4 June 1942:
Between 0435-0500, CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA each launch two E13A1 Jake long-range reconnaissance floatplanes to search out 300 miles for American carriers from NNE thru S.
TONE and CHIKUMA also each launch one E8N Dave floatplanes on ASW patrol. Each cruiser holds another "Dave" for later use on another ASW mission.
At 0728, TONE's No. 4 E13A1 Jake discovers the American's enemy ships, which later materialize as a carrier group. The observer does not identify the carriers at the outset, which proves to be a crucial mistake.
TONE is attacked by enemy carrier aircraft but sustains no damage. During the battle, TONE's No. 3 E8N2 Dave is lost with her crew.
6 June 1942: Operation "AL" - The Invasion of the Aleutian Islands:
TONE and CHIKUMA are ordered to support Vice Admiral Hosogawa Boshiro's (former CO of MUTSU) Fifth Fleet for the Aleutians invasion. CruDiv 8 joins BatDiv 3/1, carrier ZUIHO, seaplane carrier KAMIKAWA MARU escorted by DesDiv 4's MAIKAZE, HAGIKAZE and NOWAKI that are also detached to join Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Kakuta Kakuji's (former CO of YAMASHIRO) Second Mobile Force. An anticipated American counter-attack fails to materialize. CruDiv 8 cruises northern waters uneventfully.
24 June 1942:
Arrives at Ominato.
28 June July 1942:
CruDiv 8 departs Ominato.
14 July 1942:
Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Hara Chuichi (former CO of HARUNA) assumes command of CruDiv 8 from Rear Admiral Abe who is reassigned as the Commanding Officer of the new BatDiv 11's HIEI and KIRISHIMA.
20 July 1942:
Captain (later Rear Admiral) Kobe Yuji (former CO of YAKUMO) assumes command of TONE. Captain Okada is reassigned as the CO of carrier JUNYO.
12 July 1942:
Arrives at Hashirajima.
15 July 1942:
Departs Hashirajima.
16 July 1942:
Arrives at Maizuru for repairs.
6 August 1942:
Departs Maizuru for Kure.
7 August 1942:
Arrives at Kure.
16 August 1942: Operation "KA" - The Reinforcement of Guadalcanal:
CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA departs Kure with Nagumo's Third Fleet, Carrier Strike Force, Main Body's CarDiv 1's SHOKAKU, ZUIKAKU and the ZUIHO and CarDiv 2's JUNYO, HIYO and RYUJO and destroyers.
20 August 1942:
A planned refueling at Truk is canceled by Admiral Yamamoto. The task force refuels at sea from oilers enroute towards Guadalcanal.
Nagumo's Carrier Strike Force and CruDiv 8's TONE and the CHIKUMA join Kondo's Second Fleet: Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Abe Hiroaki's (former CO of FUSO) Vanguard Force's BatDiv 11's HIEI and KIRISHIMA, CruDiv 4's ATAGO, TAKAO, CHOKAI and MAYA, the Support Force's CHITOSE, CruDiv 5's MYOKO and HAGURO, Desron 10's NAGARA and DesDiv 4’s HATSUKAZE, MAIKAZE, NOWAKI, DesDiv 10’s AKIGUMO, KAZAGUMO, MAKIGUMO and YUGUMO, DesDiv 16's AMATSUKAZE, TOKITSUKAZE, DesDiv 17’s TANIKAZE and DesDiv 61’s AKIZUKI.
24 August 1942: The Battle of the Eastern Solomons:
The Carrier Strike Force, Mobile Force, Main Body's CarDiv 1, BatDiv 11, CruDiv 8's CHIKUMA and Desron 10 cruises NE of Guadalcanal. CruDiv 7's KUMANO, SUZUYA and MOGAMI arrive from Burma and join the Main Body.
At 0400, Rear Admiral Hara's TONE, light carrier RYUJO and DesDiv 16's AMATSUKAZE and TOKITSUKAZE detach from the Main Body.
At 0935, a Consolidated PBY "Catalina" seaplane spots RYUJO. RYUJO is located and attacked unsuccessfully by two TBFs at 1428 and 1440 by two SBDs from Task Force 16's USS ENTERPRISE (CV-6).
At 1100, TONE and CHIKUMA of the Vanguard Force launch seven floatplanes on a late morning search for American ships.
At 1400, CHIKUMA's No. 2 E13A1 Jake discovers the American task force, but is shot down by USN fighters. Its report and subsequent messages sent by HIEI's F1M2 Pete as well as CHIKUMA's No. 5 floatplane are not picked up by the leader of carrier bomber group.
At 1430, a CHIKUMA floatplane reports the location of Rear Admiral (later Admiral) Thomas C. Kinkaid’s (former CO of INDIANAPOLIS, CA-35) Task Force 16 (ENTERPRISE (CV-6). At 1445, CarDiv 1 launches an air attack against Task Group 16. At 1550, RYUJO is located, attacked and sunk by five TBFs and 21 SBDs from Task Group 11's USS SARATOGA (CV-3). TONE is attacked unsuccessfully by two TBFs whose Mark 13 torpedoes miss the cruiser.
At 1600, CarDiv 1 launches a second strike against Task Group 16, but it fails to locate the ENTERPRISE group. At 1642, ENTERPRISE is attacked by CarDiv 1's first strike. She is hit by three bombs and her wooden flight deck is set afire, but she evades further damage at 24 knots.
5 September 1942:
Arrives at Truk.
9 September 1942:
Sorties from Truk with the Carrier Strike Force and Rear Admiral Abe's Vanguard Force to an area N of the Solomon Islands.
23 September 1942:
Arrives at Truk.
11 October 1942:
CruDiv 8's CHIKUMA and TONE sortie from Truk with Abe's Vanguard Force's BatDiv 11's HIEI and the KIRISHIMA, CruDiv 7’s SUZUYA, DesRon 10's light cruiser NAGARA and DesDiv 10's AKIGUMO, MAKIGUMO, KAZEGUMO, YUGUMO and DesDiv 17's ISOKAZE, TANIKAZE and URAKAZE to an area N of Solomon Islands. Kondo's Second Fleet, Advance Force also sorties from Truk: CruDiv 5's MYOKO, CruDiv 7's TAKAO, ATAGO and the MAYA, Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Tanaka Raizo's (former CO of KONGO) DesRon 2's light cruiser ISUZU with destroyers KAWAKAZE, MAKINAMI, SUZUKAZE, TAKANAMI, UMIKAZE and NAGANAMI and Vice Admiral Kurita's Second Fleet, Close Support Force's Bat Div 3's KONGO and HARUNA, destroyers HARUSAME, KAGERO, MURASAME, SAMIDARE, OYASHIO and YUDACHI. The Second Fleet is followed by Nagumo's Third Fleet, Carrier Strike Force. The fleets take up position in an area N of the Solomon Islands.
17-18 October 1942:
The fleet refuels at sea.
19 October 1942:
TONE in company with destroyer TERUZUKI is detached to scout for American ships. Both ships operate off the Santa Cruz Islands until a Kawanishi H6K "Emily" from Jaluit sights a carrier off the New Hebrides. Apparently satisfied that there is to be no surprise attack from an unsuspected direction, Vice Admiral Nagumo recalls the TONE.
26 October 1942: The Battle of Santa Cruz:
250 miles NE of Guadalcanal. At 0415, Rear Admiral Abe's Vanguard Force catapults off seven floatplanes to scout south of the island.
At 0445, 13 Nakajima B5N2 Kate torpedo planes take off from CarDiv 1's decks, followed at 0500 by floatplanes of the Advanced Force. One of TONE floatplanes locates the HORNET (CV-8) group.
The Carrier Strike Force launches attacks against ENTERPRISE (CV-6) and HORNET (CV-8). TONE's four floatplanes provide spotting duties over the American ships. Two are lost during the battle. The Strike Force's planes sinks HORNET, damage SOUTH DAKOTA (BB-57) and SAN JUAN (CL-54).
30 October 1942:
The Second and Third Fleets return to Truk.
9 November 1942:
Vice Admiral Kondo departs Truk for Ontong Java area with his Main Body: CruDiv 4's ATAGO (FF) and TAKAO, Air Striking Unit's carrier JUNYO and her screen's BatDiv 3's KONGO and HARUNA, CruDiv 8's TONE, DesRon 3's light cruiser SENDAI, DesDiv 19's URANAMI, SHIKINAMI and AYANAMI and DesDiv 11's HATSUYUKI and SHIRAYUKI.
The Main Body also includes Vice Admiral Abe's Bombardment Unit's BatDiv 11's HIEI and KIRISHIMA accompanied by Rear Admiral Kimura Susumu's Close Screen's DesRon 10's light cruiser NAGARA, DesDiv 6's IKAZUCHI, INAZUMA and AKATSUKI, DesDiv 16's AMATSUKAZE and YUKIKAZE, DesDiv 61's TERUZUKI and Rear Admiral Takama Tamotsu's (former CO of HARUNA) Sweeping Unit's DesRon 4's ASAGUMO, DesDiv 2's YUDACHI, MURASAME, HARUSUME and SAMIDARE.
The Main Body supports air attacks on USS ENTERPRISE (CV-6) south of Guadalcanal; however, the strike force fails to locate the American carrier.
10 November 1942:
BatDiv 11 and DesDiv 27's SHIGURE, SHIRATSUYU and YUGURE depart Shortland's anchorage to execute Vice Admiral Kondo's planned landing of 14,500 men, heavy weapons and supplies on Guadalcanal. The twelve destroyers of Rear Admiral Tanaka's DesRon 2 will escort an 11-ship high-speed reinforcement convoy.
13 November 1942: The First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal:
The Eastern Reconnaissance Unit's TONE, light cruiser SENDAI and destroyer AYANAMI's mission is to reach the waters E of Tanaka's convoy. TONE floatplanes search the area S of Guadalcanal but find nothing.
18 November 1942:
TONE arrives at Truk. Remains there for the next two months. Performs routine patrol duties.
19 January 1943:
Departs Truk for Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
7 February 1943:
Arrives back at Truk.
15 February 1943:
Departs Truk.
21 February 1943:
Arrives at Maizuru for a refit. Two additional twin-mount Type 96 25-mm. AA guns are installed and a Type 21 air-search radar is fitted.
15 March 1943:
Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Kishi Fukuji (former CO of FUSO) assumes command of CruDiv 8.
16 March 1943:
Departs Maizuru for Kure.
20 March 1943:
Arrives at Saeki.
22 March 1943:
Joins CHIKUMA at Saeki, then departs for Truk.
27 March 1943:
Arrives at Truk.
11 May 1943: American Operation "Landcrab" - The Invasion of Attu, Aleutians:
Rear Admiral Kinkaid's Task Force 16, covered by Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell's (former Co of THATCHER, DD-162) Task Force 51, lands elements of the Army's 4th and 7th Infantry Divisions under the command of Maj Gen Eugene M. Landrum at Holtz Bay and Massacre Bay that later capture the island.
17 May 1943:
CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA depart Truk for Yokosuka in response to the invasion of Attu with a task sorce: BatDiv 1's MUSASHI, Bat Div 3's KONGO, HARUNA, CarDiv 2's HIYO, destroyers ARIAKE, SHIGURE, HATSUZUKI, UMIKAZE and another destroyer.
20 May 1943:
Alerted by an "Ultra" message, USS SAWFISH (SS-276) picks up the task force on radar, but is unable to attack.
22 May 1943:
USS TRIGGER (SS-237) sight the task force off Tokyo Bay, but is unable to attack. The task force arrives at Yokosuka.
30 May 1943:
Departs Yokosuka for Hashirajima.
1 June 1943:
Training in the Inland Sea.
8 July 1943:
At Shinagawa. Embarks army troops and supplies.
9 July 1943:
CruDiv 8's TONE and CHIKUMA depart Shinagawa with a task force: CarDiv 1's SHOKAKU, ZUIKAKU and ZUIHO, cruiser MOGAMI, light cruisers AGANO and OYODO, DesRon 4, DesDiv 4’s ARASHI and HAGIKAZE, DesDiv 17’s ISOKAZE, DesDiv 61’s HATSUZUKI and SUZUTSUKI and destroyer TAMANAMI.
11 July 1943:
The task force is sighted by USS STURGEON (SS-187) and SEARAVEN (SS-196), but neither submarine is able to attack.
15 July 1943:
The task force is sighted by USS TINOSA (SS-283). ZUIHO is attacked unsuccessfully. Four torpedoes miss. Also spotted by USS POGY (SS-266), but the submarine is unable to attack. The task force makes port at Truk unharmed.
19 July 1943:
Departs Truk on a troop transport run with the CHIKUMA, MOGAMI, seaplane tender NISSHIN, light cruisers OYODO and AGANO, DesDiv 4’s ARASHI, HAGIKAZE and ISOKAZE, DesDiv 61’s HATSUZUKI and SUZUTSUKI.
21 July 1943:
Arrives at Rabaul. Disembarks troops.
24 July 1943:
Departs Rabaul with CHIKUMA, MOGAMI, OYODO and AGANO and DesDiv 61.
26 July 1943:
Arrives at Truk.
18 September 1943:
At Truk. The fleet sorties to Brown Island, Eniwetok in response to raids on Tarawa, Makin and Abemama Atolls launched by Rear Admiral Charles A. Pownall's (former CO of RANGER, CV-4) Task Force 15's carriers LEXINGTON (CV-16), PRINCETON (CVL-23) and BELLEAU WOOD (CVL-24).
Vice Admiral Ozawa Jizaburo (former CO of HARUNA), in tactical command, leads the fleet's first section's BatDiv 1's YAMATO and NAGATO, CarDiv 1's SHOKAKU and ZUIKAKU (followed by ZUIHO on 19 September), CruDiv 5's MYOKO and the HAGURO, CruDiv 7's MOGAMI, CruDiv 8's CHIKUMA and TONE, light cruisers AGANO and NOSHIRO and destroyers.
Vice Admiral Kurita leads the second section with his Advance Force: CruDiv 4's ATAGO, TAKAO, MAYA and CHOKAI.
Admiral (Fleet Admiral, posthumously) Koga Mineichi (former CO of ISE), CINC, Combined Fleet, remains at Truk in the fleet's flagship MUSASHI with BatDiv 2's FUSO and BatDiv 3's KONGO and HARUNA.
25 September 1943:
No contact is made with Task Force 15. The fleet arrives back at Truk.
5-6 October 1943:
Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Alfred E. Montgomery's (former CO of RANGER, CV-4) Task Force 14's carriers ESSEX (CV-9), YORKTOWN (CV-10), LEXINGTON (CV-16), INDEPENDENCE (CV-22), BELLEAU WOOD (CVL-24) and COWPENS (CVL-25) launch raids on Wake Island and the Marshall Islands.
17 October 1943:
The Japanese intercept radio traffic that suggests the Americans are planning another raid on Wake. CruDiv 8's CHIKUMA and the TONE sortie from Truk to Brown Atoll, Eniwetok to intercept the enemy task force with Admiral Koga's BatDiv 1's YAMATO, MUSASHI and NAGATO, Bat Div 2's FUSO, Bat Div 3's KONGO and HARUNA, CarDiv 1's SHOKAKU, ZUIKAKU and ZUIHO, CruDiv 4's ATAGO, TAKAO, MAYA and CHOKAI, CruDiv 7's SUZUYA and MOGAMI, light cruisers AGANO and OYODO and many destroyers.
20 October 1943:
Arrives at Brown Island, Eniwetok.
23 October 1943:
Departs Brown and sorties to a position 250 miles S of Wake. Returns after no contact is made with enemy forces.
26 October 1943:
The fleet arrives back at Truk.
31 October 1943:
TONE departs Truk with BatDiv 2’s ISE, YAMASHIRO, CarDiv 2’s JUNYO, escort carrier UNYO, DesDiv 7's AKEBONO, DesDiv 17's TANIKAZE, DesDiv 24's UMIKAZE and SUZUKAZE. Reportedly, TONE leaves all her floatplanes at Truk before departing.
5 November 1943:
The task group is attacked by USS HALIBUT (SS-232) near the Bungo Suido. YAMASHIRO is hit by a dud torpedo, but JUNYO is damaged and has to be towed to Kure.
6 November 1943:
Arrives at Kure. Begins a refit. The forward twin 25-mm. AA mounts are replaced by four triple mounts bringing the total 25-mm. AA barrels to 20 (4 x 3 and 4 x 2).
1 December 1943:
Captain Mayazumi Haruo assumes command.
14 December 1943:
The refit is completed.
23 December 1943:
Departs Kure with CruDiv 5's MYOKO and HAGURO and destroyer SHIRATSUYU carrying army troops and supplies.
29 December 1943:
Arrives at Truk.
1 January 1944:
CruDiv 8 is disbanded. TONE and CHIKUMA are assigned to Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Nishimura Shoji's (former CO of HARUNA) CruDiv 7 with KUMANO and SUZUYA.
2 January 1944:
Departs Truk.
4 January 1944:
Arrived at Kavieng, disembarks troops.
5 January 1944:
Returned to Truk.

1 February 1944: The Evacuation of Truk:
NAGATO departs Truk for Palau with a task group: battleship FUSO, CruDiv 7's SUZUYA, KUMANO and TONE, DesDiv 17's ISOKAZE, TANIKAZE, HAMAKAZE and URAKAZE and DesDiv 61's AKIZUKI. At 1000, USS PERMIT (SS-178) sights the task group leaving Truk, but is unable to attack.

4 February 1944:
Arrives at Palau.

16 February 1944:
Departs Palau with the task group in anticipation of an air raid. An enemy submarine is sighted at 08-00N, 131-00E.
17 February 1944:
Another enemy submarine is sighted at 05-30N, 125-40E.

20 February 1944:
South China Sea. N of Singapore. After sunset, USS PUFFER (SS-268) sights the 10-ship NAGATO task group, but is unable to attack. The task group sights an enemy submarine, probably PUFFER, at 04-16N, 108-40 E.

21 February 1944:
Arrives at Lingga (near Singapore). Participates in battle exercises thereafter.
27 February 1944:
Departs Lingga with CHIKUMA, AOBA and destroyer URANAMI.
1 March 1944: Operation "SA No. 1"
Arrives at Banka then departs for commerce raiding in the Indian Ocean.
9 March 1944:
The TONE sinks British freighter SS BEHAR. She takes aboard 108 captives, but four die.
15 March 1944:
Arrives at at Batavia. Disembarks 32 POWs.
18 March 1944:
Departs Batavia. Aboard AOBA enroute to Singapore, ComCruDiv 16, Rear Admiral Sakonjo Naomasa (former CO of SETTSU) orders the remaining 72 captives beheaded. [3]
20 March 1944:
Arrives at Singapore. Rear Admiral (later Vice Admiral) Shiraishi Kazutaka's (former CO of KIRISHIMA) assumes command of CruDiv 7.
1 April 1944:
Departs Singapore with CHIKUMA for Sumbawa and Tengah Islands carrying materials for the 601st NAG that is readying to embark on CarDiv 1's ships.
4 April 1944:
Arrives at Singapore.
5 April 1944:
Arrives at Lingga.

11 May 1944:
At 0300, the Mobile Fleet (except CarDiv 1, CruDiv 5 and DesRon 10) redeploys from Lingga.

12-13 May 1944:
At sea. Fleet deployment, firing practice.
14 May 1944:
Arrives at the old American anchorage at Tawi Tawi in the Sulu Sea.
15 May 1944:
Departs Tawi Tawi for Tarakan, Borneo to refuel.
17 May 1944:
Arrives back at Tawi Tawi.
8 June 1944:
At Tawi Tawi. YAMATO refuels TONE. MUSASHI refuels CHIKUMA.
10 June 1944: Operation "KON" - The Relief of Biak:
Vice Admiral Ugaki's KON task group detaches from the fleet with BatDiv 1's YAMATO and MUSASHI, CruDiv 5's HAGURO and MYOKO, DesRon 2's light cruiser NOSHIRO and destroyers. The KON task group departs Tawi Tawi for Batjan.

11 June 1944:
The Mobile Fleet departs Tawi Tawi for Guimaras near Panay, Philippines with Force "B"'s NAGATO, CarDiv 2's JUNYO, HIYO and RYUHO, cruiser MOGAMI and eight destroyers. Force B sorties with Force "A"'s Car Div 1's TAIHO, SHOKAKU and ZUIKAKU, CruDiv 5's MYOKO and HAGURO, DesRon 10's light cruiser YAHAGI and seven destroyers.
At 1000, on station nearby, LtCdr Marshall H. Austin's USS REDFIN (SS-272) sights and reports the Mobile Fleet departing the anchorage.
12 June 1944:
Refuels from oilers at Guimaras.
13 June 1944: Operation "A-GO" - The Battle of the Philippine Sea:
In Tokyo, the CINC, Combined Fleet, Admiral Toyoda Soemu, (former CO of HYUGA), sends out a signal that activates the A-GO plan for the Defense of the Marianas.
Ozawa's Mobile Fleet departs Guimaras through the Visayan Sea. At 1622, LtCdr Robert Risser's USS FLYING FISH (SS-229) sights the Mobile Fleet in the San Bernardino Strait.
16 June 1944:
At 1650, Vice Admiral Ugaki's aborted Operation KON task force from Batjan rejoins Ozawa's force. The 1st Supply Force's oilers HAYUSUI and NICHIEI, KOKUYO and SEIYO MARUs rendezvous with Vice Admiral Ozawa Jisaburo's (former CO of HARUNA) First Mobile Fleet's Main Body. The 1st Supply Force begins to refuel the Mobile Fleet.
17 June 1944:
KOKUYO refuels CruDiv 7's TONE and SUZUYA. By 2000, refueling of the First Mobile Fleet's Main Body is completed. At this time, the First Mobile Fleet is at 12-15N, 132-45E. The oilers depart the area for a designated standby point at 14-40N, 134-20E.
That same day, LtCdr (later Rear Admiral) Herman J. Kossler in USS CAVALLA (SS-244) sights the Mobile Fleet in the Philippine Sea and reports later that evening after surfacing.
18 June 1944:
At 2100, Ozawa splits his Mobile Fleet. Forces A and B proceed southward. Force C proceeds due east in the Philippine Sea towards Saipan.
19 June 1944:
At 1030, Ozawa launches a strike against Task Force 58, but his aircraft are unable to locate the TF, so most return to Guam.

20 June 1944:
At about 2030, carrier HIYO explodes and sinks two hours after she is hit by torpedoes by Grumman TBF "Avenger" torpedo planes from USS BELLEAU WOOD (CVL-24). That night, the Mobile Fleet retires to Nakagusuku Wan (Bay), Okinawa.

22 June 1944:
At Okinawa. Battleships refuel destroyers.

23 June 1944:
The Mobile Fleet departs Nakagusuku for Hashirajima.

24 June 1944:
Arrives at Hashirajima.
26 June-8 July 1944:
In drydock at Kure. Four triple-mount Type 96 25-mm AA guns are added, two abreast the bridge and two on the quarterdeck replacing the twin-mounts. Single mount 25-mm. AA guns are also installed bringing the TONE's total 25-mm AA suite to 57 barrels (8x3, 4x2, 25x1). New antennas are installed for the two Type 22 surface-search radars and a Type 13 air-search radar is fitted.
8-10 July 1944:
CruDiv 7's TONE, CHIKUMA, KUMANO and SUZUYA depart Kure with Group "B"'s battleships KONGO and NAGATO, cruiser MOGAMI, DesRon 10's light cruiser YAHAGI with DesDiv 17's URAKAZE, ISOKAZE, HAMAKAZE and the YUKIKAZE and Group "A"'s YAMATO and MUSASHI, CruDiv 4's ATAGO, TAKAO, MAYA and CHOKAI, DesRon 2's light cruiser NOSHIRO with DesDiv 27's AKISHIMO and HAYASHIO, DesDiv 31's KISHINAMI, OKINAMI and ASASHIMO, DesDiv 32's FUJINAMI, HAMANAMI and SHIMAKAZE, DesDiv 17's HAMAKAZE, DesDiv 27's SHIGURE and SAMIDARE. Carries Imperial Army troops and material to Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa.
12 July 1944:
Group B departs Okinawa.
14 July 1944:
Arrives at Manila.
17 July 1944:
Departs Manila.
19 July 1944:
Arrives at Singapore, then to Lingga.
18-20 October 1944:
Departs Lingga with the fleet for Brunei, Borneo.
22 October 1944: Operation "SHO-I-GO"(Victory) - The Battle of Leyte Gulf:
Vice Admiral Kurita Takao's (former CO of KONGO) First Mobile Striking Force (Center Force) sorties from Brunei. Vice Admiral Shiraishi's CruDiv 7's TONE CHIKUMA, KUMANO and SUZUYA are in Force "A"'s Second Section with BatDiv 3's KONGO and HARUNA, DesRon 10's light cruiser YAHAGI and destroyers NOWAKI, KIYOSHIMO, URAKAZE, YUKIKAZE, HAMAKAZE and ISOKAZE. The Second Section follows Force "A"'s First Section BatDiv 1's YAMATO, MUSASHI and NAGATO, CruDiv 4's ATAGO, TAKAO, MAYA and CHOKAI, CruDiv 5's MYOKO and HAGURO, DesRon 2's light cruiser NOSHIRO with DesDiv 2's KIYOSHIMO, AKISHIMO, and HAYASHIMO, DesDiv 17's HAMAKAZE, DesDiv 31's KISHINAMI, OKINAMI and ASASHIMO and DesDiv 32's FUJINAMI, HAMANAMI and SHIMAKAZE.
All the ships in Kurita's Striking Force, except those of BatDiv 1, send their floatplanes to San Jose on Mindoro Island as a precaution against fires in battle. ASW patrols are to be conducted by the 901st Kokutai, but this proves fatal for three of Kurita's cruisers.
23 October 1944: The Battle of the Palawan Passage:
At 0633, Force A is attacked by Cdr (later Captain) David McClintock's USS DARTER (SS-227) and LtCdr (later Captain) Bladen Clagett's USS DACE (SS-247). Vice Admiral Kurita's flagship ATAGO and MAYA are sunk and TAKAO damaged. Kurita is picked up by destroyer KISHINAMI, but it is not until 1620, that he transfers to YAMATO and resumes command of Force A from Vice Admiral Ugaki.
24 October 1944: The Battle of the Sibuyan Sea:
Force A endures eleven raids by over 250 Task Force 38 carrier aircraft from USS ESSEX (CV-9), LEXINGTON (CV-16), INTREPID (CV-11), CABOT, (CVL-28), FRANKLIN (CV-13), ENTERPRISE (CV-6). The battleship MUSASHI is sunk, bombs hit YAMATO and NAGATO. HARUNA is damaged by near misses. Bombs hit TONE and MYOKO.
At 1530 hours, Force A reverses course back through the Sibuyan Sea. At 1715 hours, Kurita again reverses course. At 2330 hours, Force A enters the San Bernadino Strait in single file.
25 October 1944: The Battle off Samar:
At 0030, Force A exits the San Bernardino Strait and proceeds towards Leyte Gulf.

At 0544, Force A's lookouts spot four enemy destroyers, and shortly thereafter three carriers, three cruisers and two more destroyers at a range of 23 miles bearing 60 degrees to port.
At 0558 Force A opens fire at the "jeep" escort carriers of "Taffy 3": USS ST. LO (CVE-63), WHITE PLAINS (CVE-66), KALININ BAY (CVE-68), FANSHAW BAY (CVE-70) (F), KITKUN BAY (CVE-71) and GAMBIER BAY (CVE-73). "Taffy 3"'s carriers are screened by destroyers HOEL (DD-533), JOHNSTON (DD-557), HEERMANN (DD-532) and destroyer escorts JOHN C. BUTLER (DE-339), RAYMOND (DE-341), DENNIS (DE-405) and SAMUEL B. ROBERTS (DE-413).
At 0654, HEERMANN fires three torpedoes at HARUNA. These torpedoes miss HARUNA but cause the YAMATO and NAGATO to turn northward and steam for 10 miles until the torpedoes run out of fuel.
Between 0755 and 0910, Force "A" sinks GAMBIER BAY, HOEL, ROBERTS and JOHNSTON.
At 0825, Kurita orders all ships to head north, but at 1020 he reverses course southward and again heads towards Leyte Gulf.
Between 1030 and 1320, CHOKAI, CHIKUMA and SUZUYA are disabled by battle damage and subsequently lost. Force A reverses course northward and at 2100 retires through the San Bernardino Strait.
26 October 1944:
Aircraft attack Force A in the Tablas Strait off Panay Island. TONE is not further damaged.
27 October 1944:
No attacks.
28 October 1944:
The remnants of Force A arrive at Brunei Bay, Borneo and refuel.

6 November 1944:
Carrier JUNYO and light cruiser KISO, escorted by DesDiv 30's YUZUKI and UZUKI arrive at Brunei from Sasebo with ammunition resupply for Kurita's force.

8 November 1944:
TONE, JUNYO, ASHIGARA, KISO and DesDiv 30 depart Brunei towards Pratas Islands (near the Formosa Strait) following Bat Div 1's YAMATO, NAGATO, BatDiv 3's KONGO and HARUNA, light cruiser YAHAGI and DesDiv 17's four destroyers. TONE, JUNYO, KISO and DesDiv 30 detach to Manila. The remainder of the YAMATO group returns to Brunei. TONE, JUNYO, DesDiv 30 and destroyer SHIGURE depart Manila the same day for Mako, Pescadores.
12 November 1944:
At 1132, USS GUNNEL (SS-253) sights the upper works of a ship bearing 240°(T), range 31, 000 yards at 17-13 N, 116-26 E. GUNNEL tracks the target with her high periscope. At 1256, the JUNYO group is on course 020°(T), making 19 knots. GUNNEL identifies one ship as a TONE-class cruiser, but misidentifies JUNYO as a YAMATO-class battleship. The seas pick up to condition 3 from ahead. The JUNYO group draws away from the pursuing submarine at 19 knots on base course 028°(T). GUNNEL, at 17 knots maximum speed, cannot close.
At 1600, GUNNEL loses sight of the targets at 35,000 yards in a rain squall. At 2130, GUNNEL gives up the chase. The JUNYO group arrives at Mako later that night.
13 November 1944:
JUNYO, TONE, Desdiv 30 and destroyer SHIGURE depart Mako for Kure.
14 November 1944:
East China Sea. USS JALLAO (SS-368) attacks JUNYO but misses with six bow torpedoes.
15 November 1944:
East China Sea. JUNYO is attacked unsuccessfully by USS BARB (SS-220). She misses with five torpedoes. JUNYO is chased unsuccessfully by BARB, QUEENFISH (SS-393), PETO (SS-265), and SUNFISH (SS-281). Near Kure, TONE is detached with SHIGURE.
16 November 1944:
Near Saesbo. TONE detaches from SHIGURE.
17 November 1944:
Arrives at Maizuru. Drydocked. Four additional triple mount 25-mm AA guns are installed aft and seven single mount 25-mm AA guns are removed bringing TONE's total 25-mm AA suite to 62 barrels (12x3, 4x2, 18x1). TONE's Type 21 radar is relaced with a Type 22.
21 November 1944:
CruDiv 7 is disbanded. TONE is assigned to the Second Fleet's CruDiv 5 with KUMANO.
18 February 1945:
Repairs are completed. Departs Maizuru.
20 February 1945:
Arrives at Kure.
20 February 1945:
Moored near Eta Jima. Used as a Naval Academy training ship.
19 March 1945:
Vice Admiral (later Admiral) Marc A. Mitscher's (former CO of HORNET, CV-8) Task Force 58 raids Kure. The TONE is damaged slightly.
24 July 1945:The Final Destruction of the Imperial Japanese Navy:
The TONE is attacked by nine aircraft of Vice Admiral (later Admiral) John S. McCain's (former CO of RANGER, CV-4) Task Force 38 from MONTEREY (CVL 26) and hit by three bombs. She settles in shallow water on the bottom of Hiroshima Bay W of Kure at Nishinomi Shima.
28 July 1945:
TONE's hulk is attacked by Task Force 38 planes from USS WASP (CV-18) Air Group 86 and TICONDEROGA's (CV-14) Air Group 87. The hulk is hit by aircraft rockets and 1, 000-lb semi-armor piercing bombs from Grumman SB2C "Helldiver" dive-bombers.
20 November 1945:
Removed from the Navy List. 1947-1948. Scrapped at Kure.

Authors' Notes:
[1] Mt. Niitaka, located in Formosa (now Taiwan), was then the highest point in the Japanese Empire.
[2] On 1 March 1942, planes from carrier SORYU launched three strikes that sank PECOS. WHIPPLE rescued 232 survivors and took them to safety in Australia.
[3] Postwar in Hong Kong, Sakonjo is executed as a war criminal by the British.
Special thanks for assistance in researching the IJN officers mentioned in this TROM go to Mr. Jean-François Masson of Canada. Special thanks and credit goes to Andrew Obluski of Poland for providing details concerning TONE's floatplane operations during her wartime career. Thanks also go to Aldert Gritter ("Adm. Gurita") of the Netherlands and Randy Stone of the United States.
- Bob Hackett and Sander Kingsepp.

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